Japan is a country where history and modernity coexist beautifully, and one of the best ways to experience its rich past is by exploring its castles. Japanese castles are not only architectural marvels but also living museums that tell stories of samurai warriors, feudal lords, and centuries of history. Whether you are a history buff, a photography enthusiast, or simply looking for a unique travel experience, visiting Japanese castles is a must. Here’s a curated list of the top 10 best Japanese castles you should explore.
1. Himeji Castle
Himeji Castle, located in Hyogo Prefecture, is arguably the most famous castle in Japan, often called the “White Heron Castle” because of its brilliant white exterior and elegant design. Built in the 14th century and extensively remodeled in the early 1600s, Himeji Castle is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a masterpiece of Japanese feudal architecture. Its complex defensive systems, including winding paths, steep staircases, and multiple gates, were designed to confuse attackers, while its wooden interiors showcase traditional craftsmanship. The castle’s panoramic views of the surrounding city and cherry blossom season make it a top destination for photographers and tourists alike. Himeji Castle offers a perfect blend of history, beauty, and accessibility, making it a must-visit for first-time travelers to Japan.
2. Matsumoto Castle
Matsumoto Castle, in Nagano Prefecture, is one of Japan’s oldest surviving castles and is nicknamed the “Crow Castle” due to its black exterior walls. Constructed during the Sengoku period, its wooden interiors and original stone foundations have been carefully preserved. Unlike Himeji, Matsumoto Castle stands out for its moats and its striking contrast against the Japanese Alps, especially stunning during winter when the snow-capped mountains reflect on the moat waters. The castle also hosts seasonal events, such as traditional samurai reenactments, which provide visitors with an immersive cultural experience. Its combination of historical authenticity, scenic surroundings, and unique black design makes Matsumoto Castle a highlight for anyone exploring Japan’s feudal heritage.
3. Osaka Castle
Osaka Castle is an iconic landmark in Osaka and a symbol of Japan’s unification under Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the late 16th century. Although the original structure was destroyed and rebuilt several times, the current main tower, reconstructed in 1931, houses a modern museum showcasing the castle’s history, samurai artifacts, and ancient weaponry. Surrounded by vast gardens and impressive stone walls, Osaka Castle is a great spot for both history enthusiasts and casual travelers. Springtime visitors are treated to breathtaking cherry blossoms that frame the castle in vibrant pinks and whites. Its accessibility via public transport and proximity to central Osaka make it a convenient yet historically rich destination.
4. Nagoya Castle
Nagoya Castle, located in Aichi Prefecture, is famed for its golden shachihoko, mythical tiger-headed carp statues perched on the roof, and its sprawling castle grounds. Originally built in the early 17th century, it served as the seat of the Owari branch of the Tokugawa clan. Visitors can explore the reconstructed main keep, which houses exhibitions about the castle’s history, samurai culture, and its destruction and rebuilding during World War II. The castle grounds are also home to beautiful gardens, making it an ideal location for leisurely walks and photography. Nagoya Castle represents both architectural grandeur and historical resilience, offering a deep dive into Japan’s feudal past.
5. Kanazawa Castle
Kanazawa Castle, in Ishikawa Prefecture, is known for its elegant design and meticulously restored structures. Originally built in the late 16th century, the castle features impressive stone walls, wooden gates, and expansive moats, reflecting traditional Japanese castle aesthetics. Adjacent to the famous Kenrokuen Garden, one of Japan’s most celebrated gardens, Kanazawa Castle allows visitors to combine architectural exploration with nature walks. Seasonal events, like illuminated autumn foliage and cherry blossom festivals, enhance the visitor experience. Its combination of historical architecture and stunning landscaping makes Kanazawa Castle a must-visit for travelers interested in Japan’s Edo-period heritage.
6. Kumamoto Castle
Kumamoto Castle, located in Kumamoto Prefecture, is one of Japan’s most formidable fortresses, known for its massive stone walls, wooden interiors, and iconic curved roofs designed to defend against attacks. Constructed in the early 17th century by Kato Kiyomasa, it played a crucial role during Japan’s feudal wars. The castle was severely damaged by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, but restoration efforts have preserved its historical grandeur. Visitors can explore the main keep, reconstructed turrets, and expansive grounds, which include gardens and moats. Kumamoto Castle’s rich history and impressive fortifications make it a fascinating destination for history lovers and architecture enthusiasts alike.
7. Hikone Castle
Hikone Castle, in Shiga Prefecture, is considered one of Japan’s best-preserved castles and is designated as a National Treasure. Built in the early 17th century, the castle retains its original wooden keep and stone walls, offering an authentic glimpse into Edo-period architecture. The castle’s location on the shores of Lake Biwa adds a scenic charm, especially when cherry blossoms bloom in spring. The castle also hosts a historical museum displaying samurai armor, weapons, and local artifacts, providing visitors with a complete cultural experience. Hikone Castle’s combination of preservation, scenic beauty, and educational exhibits makes it a top choice for travelers seeking an authentic historical journey.
8. Inuyama Castle
Inuyama Castle, located in Aichi Prefecture, boasts one of Japan’s oldest surviving original keeps, dating back to 1537. Its strategic position atop a hill overlooking the Kiso River allowed samurai lords to monitor approaching enemies. The castle’s wooden interiors, steep staircases, and panoramic views of the surrounding countryside offer a true samurai-era experience. Inuyama Castle also hosts cultural festivals, including traditional tea ceremonies and samurai reenactments, giving visitors a chance to step back in time. Its historic authenticity and scenic riverside location make Inuyama Castle a must-explore destination for travelers seeking both history and natural beauty.
9. Matsue Castle
Matsue Castle, in Shimane Prefecture, is one of Japan’s few remaining original castles and is notable for its dark wooden exterior, earning it the nickname “Black Castle.” Constructed in the early 17th century, it has a unique five-story keep with panoramic views of Matsue city and nearby Lake Shinji. Unlike many reconstructed castles, Matsue Castle retains its original wooden structure, allowing visitors to climb narrow staircases and explore authentic samurai rooms. The surrounding grounds include traditional gardens and historic buildings, offering a serene and immersive experience. Matsue Castle is a hidden gem for travelers looking to explore authentic Japanese history away from the crowds.
10. Okayama Castle
Okayama Castle, located in Okayama Prefecture, is often called the “Crow Castle” because of its black exterior walls. Originally built in 1597, it was heavily damaged during World War II and later reconstructed with modern materials, though it maintains its historical appearance. The castle’s main keep is open to visitors, featuring exhibits on the castle’s history, samurai culture, and local folklore. Its location next to Korakuen Garden, one of Japan’s top three gardens, makes it an ideal spot for a day of sightseeing. Okayama Castle’s striking black facade, historical significance, and scenic surroundings make it a captivating destination for travelers exploring western Japan.
Conclusion
Japanese castles are more than just stone walls and wooden towers; they are gateways to a bygone era, showcasing the ingenuity, artistry, and resilience of Japan’s feudal society. From the iconic Himeji Castle to the hidden gem of Matsue Castle, each fortress has its own story to tell, offering visitors a unique blend of history, culture, and scenic beauty. Whether you are fascinated by samurai history, photography, or simply want to experience Japan beyond its modern cities, these top 10 Japanese castles are must-visit destinations that will leave lasting memories of your journey.