Discover the top 10 oldest temples in Japan, where ancient architecture, sacred traditions, and centuries of history come together. These historic Japanese temples offer travelers a glimpse into the spiritual roots of Buddhism in Japan, making them must-visit destinations for culture lovers and history enthusiasts.
1. Asuka-dera (Founded 588)
Widely recognized as the oldest temple in Japan, Asuka-dera was established in 588 during the Asuka period, marking the official introduction of Buddhism to the country. Located in Nara Prefecture, this historic Japanese temple houses the Asuka Daibutsu, Japan’s oldest surviving Buddha statue. Although many original buildings were lost to fires, the temple remains a powerful symbol of early Buddhist architecture and political transformation. Visiting Asuka-dera offers a rare opportunity to explore the birthplace of Japanese Buddhism and experience one of the most historically significant ancient temples in Japan.
2. Shitennō-ji (Founded 593)
Founded in 593 by Prince Shotoku, Shitennō-ji in Osaka is considered Japan’s first officially administered Buddhist temple. Dedicated to the Four Heavenly Kings, this sacred site reflects early Japanese temple layout inspired by continental Asian designs. Although rebuilt several times due to fires and war damage, its architectural style preserves the original 6th-century layout. Visitors can explore the five-story pagoda, Golden Hall, and peaceful gardens. As one of the oldest temples in Japan, Shitennō-ji remains a vital spiritual center and an important cultural heritage landmark.
3. Hōryū-ji (Founded 607)
Hōryū-ji, established in 607 in Nara Prefecture, is globally renowned for housing the world’s oldest surviving wooden structures. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this ancient Japanese temple represents a masterpiece of early Buddhist art and architecture. Its five-story pagoda and Golden Hall contain invaluable statues and murals dating back over 1,300 years. Despite fires in its early history, much of the complex remains remarkably preserved. Hōryū-ji stands as one of the most important and oldest temples in Japan, attracting historians, architects, and spiritual seekers alike.
4. Yakushi-ji (Founded 680)
Founded in 680 by Emperor Tenmu, Yakushi-ji was built to pray for the recovery of the emperor’s wife. Located in Nara, it is dedicated to Yakushi Nyorai, the Medicine Buddha. The temple complex features the stunning East Pagoda, one of the few original structures surviving from the Nara period. Reconstructed halls complement the preserved ancient architecture, creating a harmonious blend of history and restoration. As one of Japan’s oldest temples, Yakushi-ji is a vital example of classical Buddhist design and continues to serve as a spiritual sanctuary.
5. Gangō-ji (Founded 593)
Gangō-ji traces its origins back to 593 and is one of the Seven Great Temples of Nara. Originally part of Asuka-dera before relocation to Nara, it played a central role in spreading Buddhism across Japan. The temple’s surviving structures showcase some of the oldest roof tiles in the country, preserving remarkable craftsmanship from ancient times. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Gangō-ji blends quiet residential surroundings with profound historical importance. Its understated charm makes it a must-see for travelers seeking authentic ancient temples in Japan.
6. Kōfuku-ji (Founded 669)
Established in 669 and later relocated to Nara, Kōfuku-ji became the powerful temple of the Fujiwara clan. Its iconic five-story pagoda is one of Japan’s tallest and most photographed historic structures. Though repeatedly damaged by fire, careful reconstructions maintain its classical elegance. As part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara, Kōfuku-ji reflects both political and religious significance in early Japanese history. Visiting this ancient temple offers insight into aristocratic patronage and Buddhist development during the Nara period.
7. Tōdai-ji (Founded 752)
Founded in 752, Tōdai-ji is famous for housing the Great Buddha (Daibutsu), one of the largest bronze Buddha statues in the world. Located in Nara, its Great Buddha Hall was once the largest wooden building globally. Built to unify the nation through Buddhism, Tōdai-ji symbolized imperial power and religious devotion. Although reconstructed after fires, its immense scale still inspires awe. As one of the most historically important and oldest temples in Japan, Tōdai-ji remains a highlight for visitors exploring ancient Japanese heritage.
8. Tōshōdai-ji (Founded 759)
Established in 759 by the Chinese monk Ganjin, Tōshōdai-ji played a crucial role in introducing proper Buddhist ordination practices to Japan. The Golden Hall remains one of the finest examples of Nara-period architecture still standing today. Surrounded by serene grounds and moss-covered paths, the temple embodies tranquility and cultural exchange between China and Japan. Tōshōdai-ji’s historical contributions make it one of the most respected ancient temples in Japan and an essential stop for travelers interested in early Buddhist history.
9. Daian-ji (Founded 629)
Daian-ji, originally founded in 629, was once among the most influential temples in ancient Japan. Though much of its grand complex has been lost, it played a pivotal role in state-sponsored Buddhism during the Asuka and Nara periods. The temple served as a center for scholarship and religious rituals, protecting the nation. Today, visitors can explore the quieter grounds while imagining its former prominence. As one of Japan’s oldest temples, Daian-ji offers valuable insight into early political and religious institutions.
10. Hōkō-ji (Founded 589)
Founded in 589, Hōkō-ji in Kyoto is another early Buddhist temple with deep historical roots. Although much of its original structure has changed over time, it once housed a massive Great Buddha statue rivaling that of Nara. The temple is especially known for its enormous bronze bell tied to political events in the early Edo period. Today, Hōkō-ji stands as a quiet yet significant landmark reflecting Japan’s ancient religious evolution. It remains one of the oldest temples in Japan, worth visiting.
Conclusion
Exploring the top 10 oldest temples in Japan reveals the foundation of Japanese Buddhism and architectural brilliance spanning over 1,400 years. From Nara’s ancient wooden halls to Osaka’s first state temple, these sacred sites preserve Japan’s spiritual heritage. Add these historic Japanese temples to your itinerary for an unforgettable cultural journey through time.